Oil and Chemical Spills, Baawain, M., S., et.al., Encyclopedia of Environmental Health (Second Edition), Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, (2019), p. 750-757.
Oil and chemical spills, which reach coastal and marine environments through different sources, pose serious environmental threat due to the nature of the associated persistent contaminants. Millions of tons of oil and chemical spills have been released to the marine environment accidentally or intentionally. Consequently, huge environmental impacts have been recognized and studied by different researchers. This work tries to provide some cases of oil and chemical spills in the Middle East and other areas around the world. It tries to illustrate the negative effects of hydrocarbons and heavy metals, in intertidal and subtidal zones, on the marine environment and biota. Hence, it provides incentives for the adaptation of safe measures to reduce the threat of marine oil and chemical pollution. New procedures and equipment in oil exploration and transportation must be applied to ensure less pollution occurrence. Treatment plants should be constructed to deal with ballast water near the loading stations. Moreover, countries and concerned authorities must continue to update the environmental issues and records by setting strict laws and to continue encouraging and supporting environmental research and development.
Environment, Health and Safety Manual, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institutional Integrity and Risk Management, Environment Health and Safety.
The Environment, Health and Safety manual provides University employees with written health and safety policies and procedures for promoting a safe and healthy work environment.
A life-cycle maintenance methodology with environmental, health and safety considerations.
Suppen, N., et.al., Proceedings First International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing, (1999), p. 875-879.
An excellent way to bring environmental concerns into account in the process activities of a manufacturing facility is to consider them as part of the scope of maintenance engineering. This paper presents a methodology for incorporating environmental considerations, human health and safety issues in maintenance engineering in each of the process life cycles using an overall reliability analysis. This methodology can help to make a better planning and implementation of maintenance activities.
Worker knowledge of occupational legislation and related health and safety.
Pilusa, M. L., & Mogotlane, M. S., Curationis, (2018), V. 41 (1), p. 1869.
The objective of this study was to explore the knowledge of workers about occupational legislation and its benefits for their health and safety. The aim was to make recommendations that would be implemented to improve the knowledge and compliance with occupational legislation as advised by the occupational health nurse. A quantitative approach was used for this study. One hundred and ten respondents were sampled from an accessible population of 1590 workers.
Upholding science in health, safety and environmental risk assessments and regulations.
Aschner, M., et.al., Toxicology, (2016), V. 371, p. 12–16.
A public appeal has been advanced by a large group of scientists, concerned that science has been misused in attempting to quantify and regulate unmeasurable hazards and risks. This article explores the premises, implications and actions supporting the appeal and its objectives.
Towards a more effective and efficient governance and regulation of nanomaterials.
Teunenbroek, T. V., et.al., Particle and Fibre Toxicology, (2017), V. 14(1), p. 54.
In order to make a critical evaluation of methods to test and assess the risks and effects of nanomaterials on human health and the environment in the context of the current REACH regulation, the EU funded NANoREG and ProSafe projects (jointly referred to as N1P). N1P has developed recommendations for policy makers and regulators to solve or work around the problems and limitations concerning nanomaterials which are summarized in this paper.
The new EU occupational safety and health strategic framework 2014–2020: Objectives and challenges.
Iavicoli, S., Occupational Medicine, (2016), V. 66 (3), p. 180–182.
The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work has reviewed the evolution of new work models and emerging risks in order to adapt the corpus of law and European strategic actions. The resulting EU occupational safety and health (OSH) strategic framework for 2014–2020 takes full account of these requirements. This editorial focuses on how this strategic framework has developed and what contribution it has made to the process of policy modernization in OSH.
The German REACH Congress 2016: A workshop report.
Reihlen, A., et.al., Archives of Toxicology, (2018), V.92, p.1343–1347.
This paper presents a report of the German REACH Congress (2016). Main topics of the congress were the consumer protection filed and experiences gained from the implementation of the authorization procedure. Several speakers from EU institutions, German authorities, industry, and civil society organizations were invited to present their views.
SVHC in imported articles: REACH authorization requirement justified under WTO rules.
Schenten, J. & Führ, M., Environ Sci Eur, (2016), V. 28, p. 21-30.
REACH does not regulate SVHC entering the European market as part of imported articles which burden human health and the environment. Moreover, from an economic perspective, domestic articles are subject to stricter requirements than those which are produced abroad, putting actors from within the EEA at competitive disadvantage and thus impeding the intention of REACH to enhance competitiveness and innovation. One option to close this regulatory gap could be to extend the authorization requirement to SVHC present in imported articles. A legal appraisal on behalf of the German Environment Agency (UBA) assesses whether such option would be in accordance with the specifications of WTO world trade law. This paper summarizes the main findings while taking into account first reactions to the legal appraisal.
Socio-economic analysis in REACH restriction dossiers for chemicals management: A critical review.
Gabbert, S., & Hilber, I., Ambio, (2018).
This paper offers a critical review of socioeconomic analysis (SEA) in REACH restriction dossiers. The authors examine the conceptual setup of SEA, identify the methods used for impact assessment, and analyze the outcomes of quantitative impact assessment across restriction dossiers and substance groups.
Scientific principles for the identification of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: A consensus statement.
Solecki, R., et.al., Archives of Toxicology, (2016), V.91(2), p. 1001–1006.
This paper provides summary information about a consensus reached by a group of twenty-three international world-leading scientists from different disciplines at an expert meeting hosted by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) in Berlin that can serve as the basis for the development of ED criteria in relevant EU legislation. The paper discusses the consensus reached on background, definition of an ED and related concepts, sources of uncertainty, scientific principles important for ED identification, and research needs. It highlights the difficulty in retrospectively reconstructing ED exposure, insufficient range of validated test systems for EDs, and some issues impacting on the evaluation of the risk from EDs.
Overview of REACH: Issues Involved in the Registration of Metals.
Armstrong, V., et.al., NeuroToxicology, V. 83, (2021), p. 186-198.
New European legislation known as REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) was introduced in 2007 to increase the speed at which the health and/or environmental risks of industrial chemicals were being assessed and managed (REACH (EC) No 1907/2006). REACH consolidated earlier chemicals-control statutes and placed the burden of assessing, and identifying the means to manage risks on industry. This paper details the REACH process for controlling and managing hazardous chemicals and challenges encountered in applying the provisions of REACH and the guidance documents available from European Chemical Agency. Special attention is paid to challenges in evaluating potential health risks of metals such as aluminum and aluminum compounds. Lessons learned from over a decade of experience with REACH legislation are also noted.
Overview of known plastic packaging-associated chemicals and their hazards.
Groh, K. J., et.al., Science of The Total Environment, (2019), V.651, p. 3253–3268.
The present paper presents a database of Chemicals associated with Plastic Packaging (CPPdb), which includes chemicals used during manufacturing and/or present in final packaging articles. The CPPdb lists 906 chemicals likely associated with plastic packaging and 3377 substances that are possibly associated. Of the 906 chemicals likely associated with plastic packaging, 63 rank highest for human health hazards and 68 for environmental hazards according to the harmonized hazard classifications assigned by the ECHA within the CLP regulation implementing the GHS.
Insights into possibilities for grouping and read-across for nanomaterials in EU chemicals legislation.
Mech, A., et.al., Nanotoxicology, (2018) p. 1-23.
This paper presents a review of EU legislation addressing the safety of chemical substances, and possibilities within each piece of legislation for applying grouping and read-across approaches for the assessment of nanomaterials (NMs).
Impact of European chemicals regulation on the industrial use of plasticizers and patterns of substitution in Scandinavia.
Sackmann, K., et.al., Environment International, (2018), V. 119, p. 346–352.
This paper investigates the impact of chemicals regulation on substitution of chemicals by analyzing time trends in the industrial use of chemicals from 2000 to 2014 in Scandinavia.
Guidance for the identifcation of endocrine disruptors inthe context of Regulations (EU) No 528/2012 and (EC) No 1107/2009.
European Chemical Agency (ECHA) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) with the technical support of the Joint Research Centre (JRC), 5 June 2018.
Guidance Document on Determining BAT, BAT-Associated Environmental Performance Levels and BAT-Based Permit Conditions.
Activity 4 of the OECD’s BAT project,
Series on Risk Management No. 57.
Environment Directorate Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology.
Endocrine disruptors: An overview of the latest deveopments at EU level in the context of plant protection products.
Alina Dinu, European Parliamentary Research Service, EPRS, April 2019.
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are chemical substances present in many products of daily life, which interact with the hormonal system and can disrupt its proper functioning. There is a growing interest in understanding EDs and progress has been made on both the scientific and regulatory side, but the topic remains of high concern at decision-making and societal levels because of the challenges it still poses. This paper provides a desk-research based overview of the key moments of the (scientific and regulatory) debate on EDs, with a focus on the latest developments at European level, namely Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/605 and the 2018 Commission communication ‘Towards a comprehensive European Union framework on endocrine disruptors’, in the particular context of plant protection products (PPPs).
Development of a Procedure for Evaluating the Impacts of the Accidental Emission of Hazardous Chemicals, Case Study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Huyen, D. T. T., & Tram, L. T. B., Environmental Management , (2018), V. 63 (4), p. 486-494.
This study aims at developing a process to evaluate the impacts of the accidental emission of hazardous chemicals.The proposed process consists of four basic steps: i) identifying risks/hazards; ii) development of the worst-case scenario; iii) simulating the emission and dispersion of the toxic chemicals; and iv) assessing the severity of the impact to the people and the surroundings. It makes use of different techniques including accidental release source term, atmospheric dispersion modeling and results in the concentration and extent of the toxic chemicals in the atmosphere for either the direct evaporation of toxic chemicals as a primary emission or the dispersion of toxic chemicals as a domino effect of a fire or explosion accident.
Current EU research activities on combined exposure to multiple chemicals.
Bopp, S. K., et.al., Environment International, (2018), V. 120, p. 544-562.
Methodologies and guidance for assessing risks from combined exposure to multiple chemicals have been developed for different regulatory sectors, however, a harmonized, consistent approach for performing mixture risk assessments and management across different regulatory sectors is lacking.This paper maps how the different EU research projects funded by the current European Research and Innovation Programme Horizon 2020 or the Seventh Framework Programme, contribute to the data needs and assessment methodologies and identifies remaining challenges to be further addressed for the assessment of chemical mixtures.
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2018/605, of 19 April 2018, Amending Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 by setting out scientific criteria for the determination of endocrine disrupting properties.
Official Journal of the European Union, 20 April 2018.
Characterization of post-disaster environmental management for Hazardous Materials Incidents. Lessons learnt from the Tianjin warehouse explosion, China.
Zhang, H., et.al., Journal of Environmental Management, (2017), V. 199, p. 21–30.
This study aims to critically investigate the P-EMSs for the TWE, and consequently to propose a framework and procedures for P-EMSs in general for HMIs, particularly for HMEIs. According to the authors, the findings may provide a useful reference to develop P-EMSs for HMIs in the future, not only in China but also other countries.
Can we document if regulation and Best Available Techniques (BAT) have any positive impact on the marine environment? A case based on a steel mill in Greece.
Panagiotoulias, I., et.al., , Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, (2017), V. 189 (11), p. 598.
In order to document the impact of Best Available Techniques (BAT) and implementation of regulation on the improvement of the coastal marine environment state, we examined the case of a representative steel mill located at the Gulf of Elefsis (Greece). The evaluation of metal pollution was based on the analysis of major and trace elements, organic carbon, magnetic properties, and sediment accumulation rates, in sediment cores obtained from the vicinity of the plant. The analytical data are discussed in relation to steel production, changes of production routes, and adoption of BAT introduced in order to fulfill EU and national legislation. The results show that the input of pollutants to sediments and the degree of contamination were reduced by approximately 40-70% in the decade 2003-2015 in comparison to the periods of high discharges (1963-2002), whereas the toxicity risks from "high-to-extremely high" were reduced to "medium-to-high."
An inventory of ready-to-use and publicly available tools for the safety assessment of nanomaterials.
Jantunen, A. P. K., et.al., NanoImpact, (2018), V. 12, p. 18-28.
Legislation addressing environmental, health and safety aspects of nanomaterials in consumer products and ensuring their safe use is being continuously updated in the European Union and globally. This leads to a growing need for tools to implement this developing legislation. A freely accessible inventory of ready-to-use and publicly available tools that together cover the tasks within a nanomaterial safety assessment process was built in the presented work. This inventory is a unique metadata set in Excel® format: the 'NANoREG Toolbox', which assembles information needed for selecting and accessing instruments that meet specific goals. The recorded tools are categorized according to their purpose, type and regulatory status. The Toolbox covers an unprecedented and broad range of over 500 current tools, developed in Europe and beyond. While NANoREG focused on safety assessment under the EU Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), the instruments in the Toolbox are relevant and useful for nanomaterial safety assessments worldwide.
An illustrative example of the exposure scenarios to be annexed to the safety data sheet.
European Chemicals Agency, ECHA, June 2017
ECHA publishes an illustrative example of exposure scenarios for communication in the supply chain. In the publication, the sections of an exposure scenario (ES) and content for different uses are illustrated to help industry generate clear and useful information for downstream users. The Agency has published an illustrative example of exposure scenarios for a hypothetical hazardous substance to be annexed to a safety data sheet. The main objective of the publication is to promote ways of efficiently communicating on the safe use of chemicals down the supply chain.
The new publication is organised in three parts. In part one, there is an overview of the format for the ESs to be annexed to the safety data sheet, advice regarding the selection of standard phrases and how this was done in the illustrative example. It also includes general points to consider when preparing such exposure scenarios. The illustrative example of exposure scenarios is contained in the second part of the publication, which also explains how to extract information from a chemical safety report and how to report it in the ES. Part three of the publication contains the Chesar 2.3 file from which the exposure scenarios have been generated.
Gives an overview of the format for the exposure scenario (ES) to be annexed to the safety data sheet (SDS), advice regarding the selection of standard phrases and how this was done in the illustrative example. It also includes general points to consider when preparing such exposure scenarios.
Is an illustrative example of an exposure scenario (ES) to be annexed to the safety data sheet (SDS). It exemplifies how the information contained in the exposure scenarios developed for a chemical safety report can be extracted effectively and communicated in the ES annexed to SDS. This example is derived from the "Illustrative Example of a CSR" published on ECHA’s website for a hypothetical substance (the so-called "ECHA substance").
This file is the Chesar 3.2 file from which the exposure scenarios in the example have been generated. Chesar is ECHA's tool for generating a chemical safety assessment. The Chesar substance file was used to prepare both the illustrative example CSR and the exposure scenarios for communication.
A validated search filter for the identification of endocrine disruptors based on the ECHA/EFSA guidance recommendations.
Escrivá, L., et.al., Environment International, (2020), V. 142, p. 105828
A guidance document for the identification of endocrine disruptors (EDs) in the regulatory assessment of plant protection products (PPP) and biocidal products (BP) has been published by the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The ECHA/EFSA guidance, mainly addressing EATS (estrogen, androgen, thyroid, steroidogenesis) modalities, is intended to guide applicants and assessors of the competent regulatory authorities on the implementation of the scientific criteria for the determination of ED properties pursuant to the recently implemented PPP (EU 2018/605) and BP (EU 2017/2100) EU Regulations. In this study, a search filter for targeted literature search in context of assessing if a substance can be identified as an ED relevant for human health was developed and validated. Development of the search filter was based on the search strategy presented in the ECHA/EFSA guidance and using the estrogenic chemical Bisphenol AF (BPAF) as a model substance. Information specialists from two independent institutions developed refined search filters based on the suggested original search strategy published (ECHA/EFSA guidance - Appendix F). Articles identified by a systematic literature search for BPAF were screened for relevance with inclusion and exclusion criteria by two independent reviewers obtaining positive (relevant) and negative (irrelevant) controls. The developed search filter was quantitatively evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity and precision based on the positive and negative controls. The developed filter was then validated for T modality by its application to the known thyroid-disruptor perchlorate. The result is a sensitive search filter with sufficient specificity, which can be applied for all chemicals where a targeted literature search is needed to assess and identify ED properties of chemicals with relevance for humans. Future application of the filter to a broader range of chemicals may identify further points of improvement.
Substitution of dangerous substances at workplaces,
A training course for OSH practitioners Participants´ manual – 2021 update,
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
This training material provides participants with basic concepts and tools of substitution of hazardous substances in workplaces. The training aims to help participants to understand which substances are of most concern, to find out how and where to look for new ideas and alternatives; and to introduce them to existing tools for assessing alternatives. The modular structure allows trainings between half-a-day and three days.
E-fact 67: Maintenance and hazardous substances – Maintenance in the chemical industry,
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
The chemical industry is one of the industries with the most stringent safety regulations. Regular revision, servicing and maintenance work is required due to the high stress placed on equipment by exposure to very aggressive substances, high temperatures and pressures. This e-fact focuses on the specific risks related to various dangerous substances that maintenance workers in chemical plants are exposed to, and gives some basic recommendations on how these risks can be tackled, including some good practice examples.
Priorities for occupational safety and health research in Europe: 2013-2020,
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
As Europe experiences great economic, social and technological change, workplaces are also changing. Occupational safety and health (OSH) research is essential to address the gaps in knowledge of known, new or emerging risk factors to ensure safety, health and well-being in workplaces. This report identifies the priorities for OSH research in the coming years in order to promote priority setting at national level and facilitate better coordination of research activities and more efficient allocation of resources. The focus is on four themes: demographic change; globalisation and the changing world of work; safe new technologies; and new or increasing occupational exposure to chemical and biological agents.
E-fact 75: Dangerous substances and successful workplace communication,
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
Workplace safety depends on risk awareness. Employers and workers need to know what dangerous substances are in the workplace and how to deal with them. This e-fact offers hints for successful communication in the workplace about dangerous substances, including the use of safety data sheets, and provides a list of sources of further information. It outlines how two new regulations on chemicals aim to improve communication about the risks of dangerous substances at workplaces. These are on registration, evaluation and authorisation of chemicals (REACH) and classification, labelling and packaging (CLP).
Info sheet: Legislative framework on dangerous substances in workplaces,
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
This info sheet provides an overview of the legislative framework on dangerous substances in workplaces in the European Union, with an emphasis on three European directives: OSH Framework Directive, Chemical Agents Directive (CAD) and the Carcinogens and Mutagens Directive (CMC).
Seven steps towards risk prevention are outlined, and a pool of free interactive e-tools for an easier risk assessment, such as OiRA, is provided.
The STOP principle, the hierarchy of prevention and measures to be taken after hazard identification are also put forward.
Training OSH experts in using EU legislation on chemicals in practice,
Case Study, Romania,
Training OSH Experts of the Romanian Competent Authorities using EU Legislation on
Chemicals in Practice,
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
This case study of a Romanian project called CONOSCEDE shows how experts from Norway collaborated with the Romanian competent authorities to enable experts on occupational safety and health (OSH) to better understand and use legislation on chemicals, such as REACH and CLP. Participants needs were assessed and taken into account in developing the training courses. The project used a mixture of e-learning and classroom teaching, which proved successful in increasing participants knowledge and understanding of the legislation and its application.
Educating young people about working safely with chemicals,
Case study Germany,
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
This case study of a training programme in Germany shows show schools and enterprises can work together to raise young people’s awareness of occupational safety and health (OSH). In the example studied, at the initiative of a teacher, a school and a chemical company in Hamburg collaborated on teaching pupils about the safe production of plastics and the safe handling of chemicals in the laboratory. Pupils became more aware of OSH practices, teachers became more enthusiastic about teaching OSH, and the company’s OSH culture improved.
Section 4: Occupational Health,
Occupational Exposure Assessment,
National Park Service
COSHH - Guidance,
Risk assessment and guidance for the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health,
Calderdale Council
Revision 3 March 2018
Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines, General EHS Guidelines, Construction and Decommissioning,
IFC, International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group
Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines, General EHS Guidelines, Community Health and Safety,
IFC, International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group
Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines, General EHS Guidelines, Occupational Health and Safety,
IFC, International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group
Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines, General EHS Guidelines, Contaminated Land,
IFC, International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group
Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines, General EHS Guidelines, Noise,
IFC, International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group
Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines, General EHS Guidelines, Waste Management,
IFC, International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group
Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines, General EHS Guidelines, Hazardous Materials Management,
IFC, International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group
Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines, General EHS Guidelines, Water Conservation,
IFC, International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group
Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines, General EHS Guidelines, Wastewater and Ambient Water Quality,
IFC, International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group
Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines, General EHS Guidelines, Environmental, Energy Conservation,
IFC, International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group
Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines, General EHS Guidelines, Environmental, Air Emissions and Ambient Air Quality,
IFC, Interational Finance Corporation, World Bank Group
Controlling Chemical Exposure Industrial Hygiene Fact Sheets, Concise guidance on 16 components of industrial hygiene controls,
New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, Division of Epidemiology,
Environmental and Occupational Health, Occupational Health Service, October 2000
Chemical Spill Mangement Guidelines,
University of Wollongong, Australia, December 2015
Chemical Spill Planning and Response (EHS Program Manual 4.3),
EHS, Environmental Health and Safety, Weill Cornell Medicine
A step by step guide for Managing chemicals in the workplace,
WorkSafe Victoria, June 2017
Code of Practice Managing Risks of Hazardous Chemicals in the Workplace,
NSW GOVERMENT, August 2019
Managing risks of hazardous chemicals in the workplace,
Code of Practice, 2021,
Workplace Health and Safety Queensland
Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Liquefied Natural Gas Facilities
World Bank Group, April 11, 2017
HSE’s Health and Work strategy, Helath and Safety Executive, UK
Exposure Evaluation Guidance for REACH
Τμήμα Επιθεώρησης Εργασίας, “Ετήσια έκθεση”, 2016.
ECHA Forum, “Report – Forum Pilot Project on Child-resistant fastenings”, 2016.
ECHA Forum, “Forum Final Report on the second Forum pilot project on authorization”, 2016.
ECHA Forum, “Forum Final Report on the first Forum pilot project on authorization”, 2014.
ECHA Forum, “Strategies for enforcement of Regulation (EC) no. 1907/2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) and of Regulation (EC) no. 1272/2008 on the classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP)”, 2011.
ECHA, “ECHA’s REACH 2018 Roadmap”, 2015.
EUROSTAT, “The REACH baseline study – 5 years update”, 2012.
EUROSTAT, “The REACH baseline study”, 2009.
ECHA. “Guidance on the compilation of safety data sheets”, v 3.1, 2015.
ECHA, “Guidance on Registration”, v 3.0, 2016.
European Commission, “General Report on REACH: REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS in accordance with Article 117(4) of REACH and Article 46(2) of CLP, and a review of certain elements of REACH in line with Articles 75(2), 138(2), 138(3) and 138(6) of REACH”, 2013.
ECHA Φόρουμ, “REACH-EN-FORCE 3 – Final Report Inspection and enforcement of compliance with registration obligations by manufacturers, importers and only representatives in close cooperation with customs”, 2015.
ECHA Φόρουμ, “REACH-EN-FORCE 3 – Phase 1 Project Report – Inspection and enforcement of compliance with registration obligations by manufacturers, importers and only representatives in close cooperation with customs”, 2014.
ECHA Φόρουμ, “REACH-EN-FORCE 2 – Obligation of downstream users – formulators of mixtures”, 2013.
ECHA Φόρουμ, “REACH-EN-FORCE 1 – Registration, Pre-Registration and Safety Data Sheets”, 2011.
ECHA, “Guidance on labelling and packaging in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008”, v 4.0, 2019.
ECHA, “Guidance to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and packaging (CLP) of substances and mixtures”, v 4.1, 2015.
ECHA Φόρουμ, “Minimum Criteria for REACH and CLP Inspections”, 2011.
ECHA, Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Part A: Introduction to the Guidance document, v 1.1, 2011.
The European Chemical Industry Council (CEFIC) and Verband der Chemischen Industrie e.V. (VCI), “REACH Practical Guide on Safe Use Information for Mixtures under REACH; The Lead Component Identification (LCID) Methodology”, 2016.
RPA and DHI Group, “Study on the Calculation of the Benefits of Chemicals Legislation on Human Health and the Environment, Development of a System of Indicators. Final Report” DG Environment, 2016.
Milieu Ltd, PACE and Risk and Policy Analysts Ltd, “Inspection requirements for REACH and CLP”, EC DG Environment, 2011.
G.A. Papadakis and S. Porter, “Guidance on Inspections as required by article 18 of the council Directive 96/82/EC (SEVESO II)”, 1999.
EU Directive, “Directive 2012/18/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances, amending and subsequently repealing Council Directive 96/82/EC”, 2012 (SEVESO III).
EU Regulation, “Regulation (EU) No 649/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 concerning the export and import of hazardous chemicals”, 2012 (Prior Informed Consent Procedure – PIC).
EC Regulation, “Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006”, 2009 (CLP Regulation).
EC Regulation, “Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council, Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC”, 2007 (REACH Regulation).
